- a graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and even individuals to aid and promote instant public recognition (LOGO)
- industrial revolution in 18th and 19th century lead to a boom in an advertising industry that integrated typography and imagery on the page
- 1890: US had 700 Lithographic printing employing around 8,000 people
- children's books, newspapers, and periodicals developed their own styles, expanding audience
- as printing costs decreased, literacy rates increased
- modernism became more popular in Europe and the US in the 1950s, made it easier to read, simplicity
- logos are very important area in the graphic design field and are very difficult because they must represent the companies brands and ideas, and customers must quickly recognize the company by the logo
- "Less is more" because real people are not going to stare and analyze logos, they must be able to recognize and understand the logo at first glance; simple yet creative
- 5 Principles of Logo Design
o Simple (easily recognizable)
o Memorable (simple yet appropriate)
o Timeless (lasts 10, 20, etc years)
o Versatile (works on TV, t-shirts, posters, everything)
o Appropriate (stick with the scheme of client)
- Four color process: technique for printing in full color, the four colors are mixed to create any color imaginable. CMYK
- Spot color: method of specifying and printing colors in which each color is printed with its on ink. Only effective when designer only uses 1, 2, or 3 colors; more expensive with more colors.
- Pantone Matching System: every color has its own number for printing
- Color plays an important role in design. Interpretation or color may vary depending on age, country, gender, and culture. Color selection based on target audience.
- Two or three color max; too many colors will become more expensive for client
- Combination mark: graphics with both text and artwork together; could be incorporated
- Iconic/Symbolic: compelling but uncomplicated that are emblematic of a company; conveys a literal or abstract meaning
- Wordmark/lettermark: using only the company's name or words, with lettermark using initials